Mateusz and Dr. Katarzyna Mika-Łabuz published peer-reviewed article titled “Memetic warfare as a threat to cognitive security. Legal approaches and non-legal safeguards in Poland” in Prawo i Więź (No. 4/2026). Would you see memes as a weapon? Well, you better do so!

Memes spread extremely fast, carry emotion, and are hard to regulate without hitting free speech or satire. The authors ask, then, how a democratic state can protect cognitive security without taking away sense of humour from society, and they compare legal tools with non-legal safeguards such as media literacy. Mateusz summed up the findings for the Polish Press Agency (PAP) in short interview titled “Ekspert: w wojnie informacyjnej bronią mogą być memy”.

Peer-reviewed article (Open Access): https://www.prawoiwiez.edu.pl/index.php/piw/pl/article/view/1737/1500
PAP interview: https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/ekspert-w-wojnie-informacyjnej-bronia-moga-byc-memy

German readers might be interested in an earlier OpEd written by Mateusz and Dr. Matthias Schulze for Tagesspiegel Background: https://background.tagesspiegel.de/digitalisierung-und-ki/briefing/memetic-warfare-sind-wir-bereit-fuer-dieses-schlachtfeld